With the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, all 2020 Nobel Prizes have been revealed. A total of 12 individuals (organizations) have been awarded across the six categories: Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.
List of 2020 Nobel Prize Winners
Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences:
American economist Paul Milgrom (USA - Stanford University)
American economist Robert Wilson (USA - Harvard University/Stanford University)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine:
American scientist Harvey Alter (USA - University of Rochester)
American scientist Charles Rice (USA - University of California, Davis/California Institute of Technology)
British scientist Michael Houghton (UK - University of East Anglia/King's College London)
Nobel Prize in Physics:
British scientist Roger Penrose (UK - University of Cambridge)
German scientist Reinhard Genzel (Germany - University of Bonn)
American scientist Andrea Ghez (USA - University of California, Los Angeles)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry:
French scientist Emmanuelle Charpentier (France - Institut Pasteur)
American scientist Jennifer Doudna (USA - Harvard University/University of California, Berkeley)
Nobel Prize in Literature:
American poet Louise Glück (USA - Yale University)
Nobel Peace Prize:
World Food Programme
Looking at the backgrounds and experiences of the winners, over 50% of the laureates are from the United States or have studied in the United States. Furthermore, Americans have won awards in the fields of medicine, chemistry, physics, and literature!
As is well known, the Nobel Prize was established in 1901 based on the will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, with five prizes awarded annually to recognize those who have "conferred the greatest benefit to humankind" in the fields of physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature. Additionally, the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was established by the Sveriges Riksbank in 1968 to recognize outstanding contributions in the field of economics.
The Nobel Prize has long been considered the most prestigious award in its respective fields. Each year's winners represent the highest level of academic achievement and influence in their fields, having made significant contributions to the development of science and society.
According to statistics on the number of Nobel laureates by country, as of October 2019, the United States has had 383 Nobel Prize winners, ranking first in the world based on nationality at the time of the award and original nationality.
In fact, the honor of the Nobel Prize belongs to the individuals as well as the universities and research institutions they are affiliated with. The United States, home to numerous prestigious universities, has long enjoyed a stellar reputation in the Nobel Prize rankings.
The number of Nobel Prizes won by global universities reflects, to a certain extent, the academic strength and status of the institution in the global academic community. As shown in the table above, which displays the distribution of Nobel laureates by university from 1901 to 2019 (top 30 only), the United States demonstrates formidable strength, with 19 universities on the list.
It is well known that the standard of education in the United States is highly regarded worldwide, and its higher education system is a global leader, occupying top positions in numerous rankings. In the 2021 QS World University Rankings, the U.S. not only accounts for half of the global top 20 but also occupies the top 4 spots. Furthermore, it leads the world in other renowned rankings such as the U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Rankings and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.
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