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May 14th Report: According to reports from Spain's Oulang, entrepreneurship among immigrants in Spain is becoming increasingly popular and is showing its growing importance in society.
Among them, Chinese immigrants are the group with the most entrepreneurial spirit. According to data from the Social Security Office (Seguridad Social), 42% of Chinese immigrants are owners of various large, medium, and small enterprises and shops. However, in Spain, there are few specialized studies focusing on immigrant entrepreneurial activities, especially regarding the Chinese immigrant community.
To bridge this gap, a research report from the University of Seville has provided a detailed exposition and analysis of the characteristics of Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial situation in Andalusia. The local Andalusian media "Granada" cited this report and listed its most noteworthy points.
Media reports point out that this research report collected questionnaires from numerous Chinese immigrants in Andalusia; compared the differences between Chinese entrepreneurs, Chinese enterprises, and local Andalusian enterprises; and utilized data analysis from the research report titled "Analysis of Business Quality in Terms of Nature for Enterprises and Entrepreneurs: Impact from the Perspective of Regional Economic Development in Spain" by the Excellence Project Management Board of the Junta de Andalucía (Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucía).
According to this research report, experts point out that Chinese immigrants in the Andalusia region have a high propensity for entrepreneurship. Among the Chinese immigrants surveyed (in the Andalusia region), approximately 35% of working-age individuals are entrepreneurs, while as many as 97.5% of those who are "employees" plan to become entrepreneurs or business owners in the future.
Most Chinese immigrants in Andalusia come from the same place; data shows that 80% are from Zhejiang Province, with the majority concentrated in the two cities of Wenzhou and Qingtian.
In addition, the provinces of Seville and Malaga account for 60.66% of Chinese immigrants in Andalusia.
The media outlet "Granada" also pointed out that Chinese immigrants have spread to every corner of the Andalusia region; even in very small places, one can find Chinese-run businesses.
The Chinese immigrant community in the Andalusia region is relatively young, with an average age of 34.5 years.
Most Chinese immigrants working here have a primary or junior high school education and a lower level of Spanish proficiency. Chinese people starting businesses in the region have generally lived in Spain for a long time; owners have lived there for an average of 7.5 years, while "employees" have lived there for an average of 5.25 years.
Therefore, it can be concluded that Chinese immigrants generally start their own businesses after living in Spain for a period of time.
Professor Romero Luna of the University of Seville stated, "Chinese entrepreneurs usually show a stronger purpose for making money than local Andalusian owners. Both intrinsic business motivations (such as earning more money or a desire for independence) and extrinsic business motivations (unemployment crisis or increasing family income, etc.) are very high." Thus, it can also be said that Chinese entrepreneurs have more entrepreneurial motivation than local Spanish entrepreneurs.
Compared with local Andalusian enterprises, Chinese enterprises rarely invest energy in product innovation and production increases.
In addition, Chinese entrepreneurs favor a business management style that does not require much subjective initiative (such as business plans, preventive measures, and results control).
However, compared to local Andalusian entrepreneurs, Chinese entrepreneurs have a more positive attitude when facing risk prevention. Chinese enterprises in the Andalusia region are growing faster than local enterprises. Data shows that in the past five years, the sales of Chinese enterprises have grown by an average of 8.04%, while conversely, local enterprises have decreased by an average of 17.53%.
The Spanish economy has continued to shrink in recent years, and Andalusia can be considered one of the hardest-hit areas. While local enterprises have successively reduced production, Chinese enterprises have maintained growth, which has indeed surprised many Spaniards.
According to the research conclusions of this report, compared with other enterprises in the Andalusia region, the business behavior of Chinese entrepreneurs generally shows a clear dependence on investment capital and product suppliers (i.e., large wholesale distributors and Chinese importers).
The history of the Chinese community's activities in Spain can be traced back to the 1970s. In the initial period, the Chinese did not have prominent business activities. Starting from the 1990s, with the large-scale influx of Chinese immigrants, and due to regional ties, the accumulation of original wealth was very rapid, helping Chinese business activities to quickly become active throughout Spain. Small and medium-sized enterprises and shops have blossomed everywhere, and a number of large enterprises with strong capital have emerged.
