愛爾蘭的法律體系

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The Irish Legal System

愛爾蘭的法律體制有些特別，它是由英國傳統的習慣法派生而來。在過去的七年裏，通過兩國司法和立法機構的共同努力，愛爾蘭的法律體系有了很大的發展。愛爾蘭1921年的獨立標志著它的法律體系從英國的體系中分裂出來，1937年，愛爾蘭人民又頒布了愛爾蘭憲法。它制定了治國的基本原則並納入了許多基本權利的條款。愛爾蘭加入歐盟後，法律體系也有所改變，最重要的改變是在其權限內本國法律服從歐洲法律。

Ireland‟s legal system is somewhat unique. While it is derived from the Englishcommon law tradition, the past seventy years have seen the Irish legal system undergo a process of dynamic development at the initiative of both the judiciary and the legislature. The achievement of independence in 1921 marked a break from the British system and was followed by the enactment of the Irish Constitution by the People in 1937. This laid out the fundamental principles upon which the State was to be governed and also incorporated extensive fundamental rights provisions. Changes to the legal system have been introduced as a consequence of Ireland‟s membership of the European Union, the most significant of which has been the subordination of national law to European law within its sphere of competence.